1. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv hlau high-end
Cov ntaub ntawv hlau tshiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv hlau ua haujlwm zoo thiab cov khoom siv hlau ua haujlwm raws li lawv txoj haujlwm thiab daim ntawv thov. High-performance hlau structural cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau cov tshiab hlau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj siab kub kuj, corrosion kuj, siab ductility thiab lwm yam ntxwv piv nrog ib txwm structural ntaub ntawv, feem ntau xws li titanium, magnesium, zirconium thiab lawv cov alloys, tantalum niobium, hard Materials, thiab lwm yam. , nrog rau high-end steel tshwj xeeb, aluminium tshiab profiles, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom siv hlau ua haujlwm xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem pab ua kom pom qhov muag pom, hluav taws xob, sib nqus lossis lwm yam haujlwm tshwj xeeb, suav nrog cov khoom sib nqus, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hlau, cov ntaub ntawv catalytic purification, cov ntaub ntawv. cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv superconducting, cov khoom siv ceramic, thiab lwm yam.
Piv nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv, lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj lub cev zoo xws li lub teeb, hluav taws xob, hlau nplaum, thiab catalysis. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, lawv cov ntawv thov hauv cov teb tshiab tau loj hlob sai. Ntawm lawv, cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv thov hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj. Xyoo 2009, cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov Nws suav txog 57% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj. Tsav los ntawm txoj cai tswjfwm kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws, lub zog tshiab, lub zog tsim hluav taws xob, lub zog txuag hluav taws xob hauv tsev thiab lwm yam kev lag luam yuav ua rau muaj kev loj hlob tawg ntawm kev thov rau cov khoom siv hlau nplaum tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb NdFeB hlau nplaum.
Judging los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, zus tau tej cov steel cov ntaub ntawv thiab non-ferrous hlau cov ntaub ntawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem luv luv, high efficiency, lub zog txuag, huv si, kev ua tau zoo thiab ntau yam kev ua haujlwm. Cov khoom siv uas nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog nqa cov khoom thauj (xws li tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb, dav hlau). Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, automotive steel tau tsim los ntawm cov hlau dav hlau mus rau cov hlau alloy steel, aluminium alloy lossis tshwj xeeb high-strength Mg-raws li alloy. High-strength Ti alloy plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv high-strength steel, thiab stainless hlau nyhav los hloov carbon steel. Al alloys thiab dav hlau siv nyob rau hauv tub rog aircraft yog hloov los ntawm advanced Ti alloys thiab polymer matrix composites. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog ntxiv los tsim cov carbon fiber reinforced composites lossis Al-based composites. Lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv yog:
(1) Hlau
Cov khoom siv hlau thiab hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlau zoo nrog ntau theem qauv thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj, muaj cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau ua. Lub nanoscale interlayer qauv, kev ntxhib los mos, thiab lis ciam teb thiab kev sib txuas ntawm micro- thiab nanotechnology tuaj yeem suav tias yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv hlau.
(2) Aluminium alloy
Aluminium-raws li cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov nag lossis daus hardening cuam tshuam coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov muaj zog aluminium alloys. Cov txheej txheem kev cuam tshuam tau raug tsim los rau hauv "kev tshawb fawb los nag", uas koom nrog kev sib txuam ntawm cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm "theem" thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov alloys, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov laus alloys. Cov khoom ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev siv dav hlau lossis chaw siv, yog li nws tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm Al alloys.
(3) Magnesium alloy
Magnesium thiab magnesium alloys yog dav siv hauv metallurgy, tsheb, maus taus, aerospace, optical instruments, computers, electronics thiab kev sib txuas lus, hluav taws xob, pneumatic cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej kho mob thiab lwm yam. Magnesium alloy yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yog lub npe hu ua ib yam tshiab ntawm "ntsuab engineering khoom" thiab "ntsuab engineering khoom" nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st rau nws zoo heev thermal conductivity, vibration txo, recyclability, anti-electromagnetic cuam tshuam thiab zoo heev shielding kev kawm. Hnub nyoog Hlau".
(4) Titanium alloy
Titanium alloys ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov tub rog lossis kev lag luam dav hlau dav hlau. Qhov teeb meem ntawm multiphase nanoscale txheej microstructure yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog Ti-raws li alloys, thiab nws yuav dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim ntawm Ti-based alloys tshiab.