1 cam khwb cia hlau - fluidity
Cov kav dej phwj tuaj yog qhov tsis pom tseeb ntawm peb ib puag ncig txhua hnub uas ob peb tus neeg saib xyuas lawv. Yog vim li cas vim li cas cam khwb cia hlau muaj xws li ib tug loj thiab ntau yam ntawm kev siv yog vim nws zoo heev fluidity thiab nws yooj yim ntawm casting rau hauv ntau yam complex duab. Cam khwb cia hlau yog lub npe muab rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom xws li carbon, silicon thiab hlau. Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus carbon, qhov zoo dua cov yam ntxwv thaum lub sij hawm casting. Carbon tshwm sim ntawm no nyob rau hauv ob daim ntawv, graphite thiab hlau carbide.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm graphite nyob rau hauv cam khwb cia hlau muab cov kav dej npog zoo heev hnav tsis kam. Xwb feem ntau tsuas yog tshwm rau ntawm txheej txheej sab nraud, yog li nws feem ntau yog polished. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj cov kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv xeb thaum lub sij hawm nchuav txheej txheem, uas yog, txheej txheej ntawm asphalt txheej ntxiv rau saum npoo ntawm cov casting, thiab asphalt nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov hws ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia kom tsis txhob xeb. Cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua ntawm cov khoom siv xuab zeb casting tam sim no siv los ntawm ntau tus neeg tsim qauv hauv lwm qhov chaw tshiab thiab nthuav ntau dua.
Cov khoom siv: zoo heev fluidity, tsis tshua muaj nqi, zoo hnav tsis kam, tsis tshua muaj solidification shrinkage, nkig heev, siab compressive zog, zoo machinability.
Kev siv hom: cam khwb cia hlau tau siv rau ntau pua xyoo hauv thaj chaw xws li cov tsev, txuas hniav, cov khoom siv engineering, tsev, thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
2 stainless hlau - stainless kev hlub
Stainless hlau yog ib qho hlau uas ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw chromium, npib tsib xee, thiab lwm yam hlau hauv cov hlau. Nws cov yam ntxwv tsis xeb yog muab los ntawm chromium hauv cov hlau. Cov chromium tsim ib qho ruaj khov, kho tus kheej chromium oxide zaj duab xis rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau, uas tsis pom ntawm peb qhov muag liab qab. Qhov piv ntawm stainless hlau thiab npib tsib xee peb feem ntau xa mus yog 18:10. Lub sij hawm "stainless steel" tsis tsuas yog xa mus rau ib hom stainless hlau, tab sis hais txog ntau tshaj li ib puas hom kev lag luam stainless hlau, thiab txhua tus tsim stainless hlau muaj kev ua tau zoo hauv nws cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
Stainless hlau muab faib ua plaub hom: austenitic, ferritic, ferritic-austenitic (composite), martensite. Stainless hlau siv hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog qhov pib austenitic.
Cov khoom siv: kev noj qab haus huv, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, kev kho deg zoo, siab rigidity, tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem ua, thiab nws nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem txias.
Kev siv hom: Ntawm cov feem ntau siv cov xim xim stainless hlau, austenitic stainless hlau yog cov khoom siv xim zoo tshaj plaws, uas tuaj yeem tau txais cov xim zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj. Austenitic stainless hlau feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev; martensitic stainless hlau feem ntau yog siv los ua riam thiab turbine hniav; ferritic stainless hlau yog corrosion-resistant thiab yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab nyob rau hauv boiler qhov chaw; Composite stainless hlau muaj zog corrosion kuj, yog li nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig txhoj puab heev.
3 Zinc - 730 lbs hauv ib lub neej
Zinc, silvery thiab bluish-grey, yog qhov thib peb feem ntau siv tsis-ferrous hlau tom qab txhuas thiab tooj liab. Kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm US Bureau of Mines qhia tau hais tias ib tus neeg nruab nrab noj tag nrho 331 kilograms ntawm zinc hauv nws lub neej. Zinc muaj cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg heev, yog li nws kuj yog cov khoom siv zoo tagnrho
Zinc castings muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub: cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov rooj tuav, faucets, electronics Cheebtsam, thiab lwm yam. Zinc muaj tsis tshua muaj siab corrosion kuj, uas ua rau nws muaj lwm yam yooj yim functionality, uas yog raws li ib tug txheej txheej rau hlau. Ntxiv nrog rau cov haujlwm saum toj no, zinc kuj yog cov khoom siv hlau uas ua ke nrog tooj liab los ua tooj dag. Nws cov khoom tiv thaiv corrosion tsis yog tsuas yog siv rau cov txheej txheej steel - nws kuj tseem pab ntxiv dag zog rau peb cov tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov khoom siv: kev kho mob, tiv thaiv corrosion, zoo heev castability, zoo heev los tiv thaiv corrosion, siab zog, siab hardness, pheej yig raw cov ntaub ntawv, tsis tshua muaj melting point, creep kuj, yooj yim rau cov alloys nrog rau lwm yam hlau, kev kho mob, nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub Fragile , ductile ntawm li 100 degrees Celsius.
Hom kev siv: cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Zinc yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hlau uas tsim bronze. Zinc kuj muaj cov khoom tu cev thiab tiv thaiv corrosion. Tsis tas li ntawd, zinc kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev, cov duab kos duab discs, cov kav hlau txais xov xov tooj ntawm tes thiab cov cuab yeej kaw hauv cov koob yees duab.
4 Aluminium (AL) - cov khoom siv niaj hnub
Piv nrog rau kub, uas tau siv rau 9,{1}} xyoo, txhuas, cov hlau dawb no tsuas yog suav hais tias yog menyuam yaus ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Aluminium tuaj tawm thiab muaj npe nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 18th caug xyoo. Tsis zoo li lwm yam hlau, txhuas tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov hlau ncaj qha, tab sis yog muab rho tawm los ntawm bauxite uas muaj 50% alumina (tseem hu ua bauxite). Aluminium nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hlau ntau tshaj plaws hauv peb lub ntiaj teb.
Thaum cov hlau txhuas tshwm sim thawj zaug, nws tsis tau siv tam sim ntawd rau tib neeg lub neej. Tom qab ntawd, ib pawg ntawm cov khoom tshiab tsom rau nws cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab cov yam ntxwv maj mam tawm, thiab cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis no maj mam tau txais kev lag luam dav thiab dav. Txawm hais tias daim ntawv thov keeb kwm ntawm txhuas yog luv luv, cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm txhuas cov khoom lag luam nyob deb dhau ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau.
Cov khoom siv: hloov tau yooj yim thiab yas, yooj yim ua alloys, siab zog-rau-qhov hnyav piv, zoo heev corrosion kuj, yooj yim rau hluav taws xob thiab cua sov, thiab recyclable.
Kev siv dav dav: tsheb pob txha, cov khoom siv dav hlau, cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, ntim khoom, thiab rooj tog zaum. Txhuas kuj tseem siv tau los ntxiv dag zog rau qee lub tsev loj, xws li Eros pej thuam hauv Piccadilly Circus hauv London, thiab sab saum toj ntawm Chrysler Automobile Building hauv New York, thiab lwm yam, muaj tag nrho cov khoom siv aluminium reinforcement.